Log in Register. Search only containers. Search titles only. Search Advanced search…. Members Current visitors. Interface Language. Log in. Install the app. Forums English Only English Only. It also forms important connections with the cerebellum via fiber bundles known as the cerebellar peduncles.
The pons is home to a number of nuclei for cranial nerves. Nerves that carry information about sensations of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and head synapse in a nucleus in the pons.
Motor commands dealing with eye movement, chewing, and facial expressions also originate in the pons. The final branch of the brainstem as we move toward the cerebrum is called the midbrain. The midbrain contains a number of important tracts running to and from the cerebrum and cerebellum , as well as some key nuclei. The upper posterior i. The superior colliculi are involved in eye movements and visual processing, while the inferior colliculi are involved in auditory processing.
At about the level of the superior colliculi, but located more anteriorly i. The substantia nigra, which literally means "black substance," was so named because it appears very dark in an unstained piece of tissue. The substantia nigra is rich in dopamine neurons and is considered part of the basal ganglia , which is a collection of nuclei that are crucial to normal motor movement.
In vertebrate anatomy, the brainstem is the most inferior portion of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the brain and spinal cord. The brainstem gives rise to cranial nerves 3 through 12 and provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves.
Though small, it is an extremely important part of the brain, as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from the main part of the brain that communicate with the peripheral nervous system pass through the brainstem. This includes the corticospinal tract motor , the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway fine touch, vibration sensation, and proprioception and the spinothalamic tract pain, temperature, itch, and crude touch. The brain stem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function.
It regulates the central nervous system CNS and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. Brainstem Anatomy : Structures of the brainstem are depicted on these diagrams, including the midbrain, pons, medulla, basilar artery, and vertebral arteries. The medulla oblongata myelencephalon is the lower half of the brainstem continuous with the spinal cord.
Its upper part is continuous with the pons. Therefore, the sensory information is transmitted to the brain through the spinal cord. Motor impulses are also transmitted to the effector organs through the spinal cord. The spinal cord is responsible for coordinating simple reflexes that create involuntary muscular movements.
Brainstem: Brainstem is the central trunk of the brain that continues to form the spinal cord. Spinal Cord: Spinal cord is the cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers enclosed by the spine that connects all parts of the body to the brain.
Brainstem: The brainstem is a part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the brain. Spinal Cord: The spinal cord runs through the vertebral column. Brainstem: The brainstem is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Spinal Cord: The spinal cord is composed of 31 spinal nerves. Brainstem: The outermost regions of the brainstem are made up of gray matter while the innermost regions of the brainstem are made up of white matter.
Spinal Cord: The outermost regions of the spinal cord is made up of white matter while the innermost region of the spinal cord is made up of gray matter. Brainstem: The brainstem controls the respiratory and cardiac functions of the body.
Spinal Cord: Spinal cord controls the involuntary movements of the body.
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